双重耗能智能框架摇摆墙结构地震响应对比分析

针对框架剪力墙结构在强震作用下存在连接处楼板或连梁破坏以及剪力墙底部出现塑性铰的问题,在课题组开发的智能框架剪力墙双重结构体系中,将剪力墙设置为底部连接金属阻尼器的摇摆剪力墙,形成一种新型双重耗能单元控制的智能框架摇摆墙结构体系.以6层混凝土框架剪力墙结构为原型,应用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,建立传统框架剪力墙结构、智能框架剪力墙双重结构、摇摆墙与框架间连接BRB结构和摇摆墙底部连接金属阻尼器的双重耗能智能框架摇摆墙4种结构对比模型,进行非线性动力时程分析,考察各结构的动力响应.结果表明:新型双重耗能单元控制的智能框架摇摆墙结构体系在BRB屈服强度为0.1f_y~1f_y区间时,结构地震响应均比传统结构有所减小,框架结构层间位移也得到有效控制,进一步说明在合理参数取值下双重耗能单元控制的结构地震动响应小于单一耗能单元结构.     

回路振荡热管稳定运行条件及循环特性的热力学分析

以简单回路振荡热管为热力系统,通过热力学分析,导出了稳定循环的条件：蒸发端吸热量等于冷凝端放热量,且必须考虑耗散功的影响作用。推导出稳定循环过程的特征和热力学参量变化的规律,揭示了过程能量转换的特点。结果表明：吸（放）热过程包括潜热和显热,汽相比体积随压力的变化因素不可忽视;蒸汽干度和密度的变化与温度、压力同向,与流速相反;此过程中的能量转换是维持能量传递的重要条件。     

无限大平板非稳态导热过程的数字特征

对无限大平板非稳态导热过程的平均温度和耗散函数这2个数字特征进行了研究.得到了对流换热边界条件下无量纲平均过余温度的数学模型;分析了表面温度系数随特征值与毕渥数的变化规律;定义了相应的时间常数,它是衡量无量纲平均过余温度衰减速率快慢的指标;并对毕渥数取极限时无量纲平均过余温度的变化规律做了讨论.利用格林公式推导出了热势与耗散函数之间的关系,并与机械能耗散系统进行了相似性分析.得到了对流换热边界条件下耗散函数随时间的变化规律,并将其与平均过余温度的变化规律做了比较.     

不同板件宽厚比H型钢梁在冲击作用下的动态响应分析

通过Abaqus软件创建了钢梁受冲击的三维有限元模型,与霍静思教授的试验结果相比较验证了模型的有效性。基于该模型从冲击力时程、跨中挠度时程和不同板件塑性变形耗能三个方面进行分析,研究了腹板高厚比、翼缘宽厚比、边界条件和长度对H型钢梁在冲击作用下的动态响应。分析表明在截面外尺寸不变的情况下,随着腹板高厚比的增加,冲击力峰值、平台值下降;冲击力持续时间增加,翼缘宽厚比规律与腹板高厚比类似但影响程度要小于腹板高厚比。当钢梁两端固定或一端固定一端铰支时,钢梁各板件的塑性耗能从大到小依次为:腹板、上翼缘、下翼缘;但随着钢梁两端约束作用减弱,下翼缘的耗能逐渐增大。当钢梁两端铰支时,随着长度的增加,腹板、上翼缘、下翼缘的塑性耗能发生两次转变,下翼缘的耗能超过腹板成为钢梁的主要耗能板件。     

基于梯-潭消能系统的挡流式泥石流排导槽

中国是灾害多发的国家之一,泥石流是山区灾害的主要类型。对于特大泥石流,传统常规的治理办法难以起到很好的效果,于是王兆印等提出了梯-潭系统。但是,梯-潭系统并不完美,仍有许多值得改进的地方。以提高消能效率为出发点,提出一种能在短距离内达到消能、控速功能的挡流式泥石流排导槽。通过设计最佳横断面,使排导能力达到最佳;通过挡板与梯-潭系统达到快速消能的目的;然后通过推导分析,给出了挡流式排导槽的消能率计算公式;最后与传统梯-潭型排导槽消能率计算公式作对比分析,发现提出的排导槽具有高效消能的作用。     

新型有标准组件的屈曲约束支撑消能器

提出了一种用于抗震结构的具有创新性的屈曲约束支撑消能器。消能器的钢材屈服核心是标准组件式的,这个特别的设计使得它的屈服力和塑性形变能够根据建筑物的抗震需求而调整。以下呈现两种类型MBRB1和MBRB2通过连接若干连续的由任意数量的受剪基本消能单元组成的组件,可以得到形变与连续组件的数量成比例,受力与连续组件上的受剪基本消能单元的数量成比例。支撑的组装包括将已经涂过润滑油的屈曲核心部分装入约束单元后用销栓将其固定,从而易于消能器的检测,必要时便于更换消能单元。主要参数有屈服力和屈服位移,这些可由简单的数学表达式得出。设计中将摆动形变考虑在内通过约束单元避免局部屈曲并且提出了在核心单元与约束单元之间设置功能性的间隙。滞回耗能表现及受力,塑性位移等由有限元分析软件模拟得出。     

球形储罐结构地震反应控制研究

为了降低球罐结构的地震响应,对球形储罐进行基础隔震及附加耗能减震控制,建立了无控、隔震、耗能减震条件下球形储罐的有限元模型,并通过模态分析给出自振周期和频率。选择3种不同的地震波输入,进行了基础隔震结构及耗能减震结构地震响应时程分析。结果表明：基础隔震拉长了结构周期,达到了减震的目的,加速度反应降幅在41.4%～76.4%,相对位移反应降幅在50.3%～77.2%;附加的耗能装置的变形耗散了地震动能量,从而减小了结构自身的动力响应,加速度反应降幅在25.2%～77.9%,相对位移反应降幅在71.8%～76.7%;总体看球罐基础隔震结构优于附加耗能结构的减震效果。     

The extremum principle of mass entransy dissipation and its application to decontamination ventilation designs in space station cabins

In terms of the analogy between mass and heat transfer phenomena, a new physical quantity, i.e. mass entransy, is introduced to represent the ability of an object for transferring mass to outside. Meanwhile, the mass entransy dissipation occurs during mass transfer processes as an alternative to measure the mass transfer irreversibility. Then the concepts of mass entransy and its dissipation are used to develop the extremum principle of mass entransy dissipation and the corresponding method for convective mass transfer optimization, based on which an Euler＇s equation has been deduced as the optimization equation for the fluid flow to obtain the best convective mass transfer performance with some specific constraints. As an example, the ventilation process for removing gaseous pollutants in a space station cabin with a uniform air supply system has been optimized to reduce the energy consumption of the ventilation system and decrease the contaminant concentration in the cabin. By solving the optimization equation, an optimal air velocity distribution with the best decontamination performance for a given viscous dissipation is firstly obtained. With the guide of this optimal velocity field, a suitable concentrated air supply system with appropriate air inlet position and width has been designed to replace the uniform air supply system, which leads to the averaged and the maximum contaminant concentrations in the cabin been decreased by 75% and 60%, respectively, and the contaminant concentration near the contaminant source surface been decreased by 50%, while the viscous dissipation been reduced by 30% simultaneously.     

An equation of entransy transfer and its application

Entransy is a physical quantity describing heat transfer ability, and heat transfer is accompanied by entransy transfer. Thermal energy is conserved in its transfer process, while entransy is dissipated because of the irreversibility of its transfer process. As a result, entransy transfer must have its rules which are different from those of thermal energy transfer. Based on the definition of entransy, an entransy transfer equation is derived, which describes the entransy transfer processes of a multi-component viscous fluid subject to heat transfer by conduction and convection, mass diffusion and chemical reactions. The expressions of entransy flux and entransy dissipation are obtained simultaneously, and their physical mechanism is clarified. And further, the theory and method of optimizing heat transfer applying the entransy transfer equation to the steady-state convection heat transfer process are expounded. The minimum thermal resistance principle and the entransy dissipation extremum principle are obtained by applying the steady-state entransy transfer equation to the steady-state convection heat transfer process. The cases of the single-component steady-state convection heat transfer and the steady-state heat conduction show the application of the theory and method.     

Entropy generation extremum and entransy dissipation extremum for heat exchanger optimization

The applicability of the extremum principles of entropy generation and entransy dissipation is studied for heat exchanger optimization. The extremum principle of entransy dissipation gives better optimization results when heat exchanger is only for the purpose of heating and cooling, while the extremum principle of entropy generation is better for the heat exchanger optimization when it works in the Brayton cycle. The two optimization principles are approximately equivalent when the temperature drops of the streams in a heat exchanger are small. Supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB206901)